Common Co-Occurring Disorders
Mood Disorders
Research suggests that about 25-50% of people with OCD also meet the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) at the same time. OCD can be mentally draining. Constant obsessions and compulsions take up time and energy, leading to feelings of hopelessness and sadness. Many people with OCD experience distressing or taboo obsessions, which can lead to self-criticism and depression. OCD can disrupt daily life, work, and relationships, which can contribute to depressive feelings.
Substance Use Disorders
Studies suggest that about 10-27% of people with OCD also experience a substance use disorder at some point in their lives. The rate of alcohol use disorder in individuals with OCD is estimated to be around 24%, while drug use disorders affect about 18%. Substance use can be a way of coping with the distressing symptoms of OCD, however, it can also become one of the compulsions that fuels OCD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Research suggests that adults with OCD have exhibited more symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) than adults without OCD.
Eating Disorders
One study found that between 18 - 34% of females who were experiencing OCD scored positively on an inventory measuring disordered eating. Studies indicate that fewer than 5% of men have OCD and an eating disorder while 7% of women likely have both disorders.
Phobia Disorders
The co-occurrence rates of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and specific phobias do vary across studies. For instance, a study within the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders reported that 31.4% of participants with OCD also had a specific phobia. Phobias can develop from OCD fears. For example, someone with contamination OCD might also develop a full-blown phobia of dirt or public restrooms.
Anxiety Disorders
OCD and anxiety disorders frequently co-occur. In fact, OCD was historically classified as an anxiety disorder before being reclassified as its own category in the DSM-5. However, anxiety remains a core component of OCD, and many people with OCD also experience other anxiety disorders. Lifetime comorbidity rates have been reported at 22% for specific phobia, 18% for social anxiety disorder, 12% for panic disorder, and 30% for generalized anxiety disorder.